RNAi

Gene Info

  • Species: Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
  • GeneID: 42549
  • Symbol: InR
  • Description: Insulin-like receptor
DataSource: http://genomernai.dkfz.de/v16/genedetails/42549

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Stable_ID Entrez_ID Gene_ID Gene_Symbol Reagent_ID Score Phenotype Conditions Follow_Up Comment Screen_Title Publication_Title Authors Publication_Year Pubmed_ID Biosource Biomodel Assay Method Library Scope Reagent_Type Score_Type Cutoff Notes
GR00001-A 42549 FBgn0013984 InR DRSC16717 -0.38 none yes Cell size regulation PDGF/VEGF signaling controls cell size in Drosophila. Sims et al. 2009 19216764 Cell line S2R+ F-actin and microtubule protein expression and DNA content Fluorescence rp Genome-wide dsRNA Cell area Z-score < -2
GR00002-A 42549 FBgn0013984 InR DRSC16717 0.087543514 none no Lipid storage COPI complex is a regulator of lipid homeostasis. Beller et al. 2008 19067489 Cell line Kc167 Nuclear to lipid droplet cross-sectional area Fluorescence np Genome-wide dsRNA B-score > 2 OR < -1.7 Additional information about a secondary screen with non-overlaping dsRNAs
GR00002-A 42549 FBgn0013984 InR DRSC16717 1.496235818 none no Lipid storage COPI complex is a regulator of lipid homeostasis. Beller et al. 2008 19067489 Cell line Kc167 Nuclear to lipid droplet cross-sectional area Fluorescence np Genome-wide dsRNA B-score > 2 OR < -1.7 Additional information about a secondary screen with non-overlaping dsRNAs
GR00007-A-0 42549 FBgn0013984 DRSC16717 np Cell loss no Neural outgrowth Identification of neural outgrowth genes using genome-wide RNAi. Sepp et al. 2008 18604272 Cell line Primary neural cells Morphology High content (microscopy) DRSC dsRNA Visual inspection np
GR00021-A-0 42549 FBgn0013984 DRSC16717 strong ERK activation reduced no ERK signaling A functional RNAi screen for regulators of receptor tyrosine kinase and ERK signalling. Friedman et al. 2006 17086199 Cell line S2R+ ERK signaling Fluorescence DRSC dsRNA Weak, moderate, strong np
GR00030-A-1 42549 CG18402 InR InR sp Decreased number of cells in prometaphase and metaphase yes Cell cycle regulation (1) Genome-wide survey of protein kinases required for cell cycle progression. Bettencourt-Dias et al. 2004 15616552 Cell line S2 alpha-tubulin and gamma-tubulin protein expression, histone H3 phosphorylation and DNA content Flow cytometry rp Kinases dsRNA Confidence intervals Complex criteria
GR00030-A-2 42549 CG18402 InR InR np none no Cell cycle regulation (2) Genome-wide survey of protein kinases required for cell cycle progression. Bettencourt-Dias et al. 2004 15616552 Cell line S2 Histone H3 phosphorylation, Cyclin A and Cyclin B protein expression Flow cytometry rp Kinases and kinase regulators dsRNA np np
42549 FBgn0013984 InR CT19952 sp none no library: PHOSPHO
GR00128-A-2 42549 FBgn0013984 CG18402 DRSC36685 sp Synthetic lethal with methyl methanesulphonate no Combinatorial effect with methyl methanesulphonate (2) A network of conserved damage survival pathways revealed by a genomic RNAi screen. Ravi et al. 2009 19543366 Cell line Kc167 Viability (synthetic lethal) Luminescence Version 1 Selected genes dsRNA rp rp
GR00134-A-1 42549 CG18402 InR 992 np Weak flyer no Muscle morphogenesis and function (1) Systematic genetic analysis of muscle morphogenesis and function in Drosophila. Schnorrer et al. 2010 20220848 Tissue Mef2-GAL4 Posture, locomotion, flight and viability Visual inspection np Genome-wide UAS-IR construct rp S19 > 0.5
GR00134-A-1 42549 CG18402 InR 991 np Lethal no early pupal Muscle morphogenesis and function (1) Systematic genetic analysis of muscle morphogenesis and function in Drosophila. Schnorrer et al. 2010 20220848 Tissue Mef2-GAL4 Posture, locomotion, flight and viability Visual inspection np Genome-wide UAS-IR construct rp S19 > 0.5
GR00134-A-1 42549 CG18402 InR 4807 np Lethal no early pupal Muscle morphogenesis and function (1) Systematic genetic analysis of muscle morphogenesis and function in Drosophila. Schnorrer et al. 2010 20220848 Tissue Mef2-GAL4 Posture, locomotion, flight and viability Visual inspection np Genome-wide UAS-IR construct rp S19 > 0.5
GR00135-A-1 42549 CG18402 InR 992 -1.17 none yes Heat nociception (1) A genome-wide Drosophila screen for heat nociception identifies α2δ3 as an evolutionarily conserved pain gene. Neely et al. 2010 21074052 Organism elav-GAL4 Noxious heat avoidance and viability Fly count np Genome-wide UAS-IR construct Z-score > 1.65 Additional information about secondary screens (geotactic, phototaxis, and temperature sensitivity)
GR00138-A-1 42549 CG18402 992 1 none no Heart development and function (1) A global in vivo Drosophila RNAi screen identifies NOT3 as a conserved regulator of heart function. Neely et al. 2010 20371351 Tissue TinCΔ4 12a-Gal4 Viability Fly count np Selected genes UAS-IR construct Developmental lethality <
GR00139-A 42549 InR 992 sp Lethal no Fly viability and adult morphology A genome-wide transgenic RNAi library for conditional gene inactivation in Drosophila. Dietzl et al. 2007 17625558 Organism Act5C-GAL4 Adult morphology and viability Visual inspection Custom-made Selected and random genes UAS-IR construct Phenotype strength np Additional information about secondary screens (MS1096-GAL4, ey-GAL4, GMR-GAL4 and pnr-GAL4)
GR00139-A 42549 InR 991 sp Semi-lethal no Fly viability and adult morphology A genome-wide transgenic RNAi library for conditional gene inactivation in Drosophila. Dietzl et al. 2007 17625558 Organism Act5C-GAL4 Adult morphology and viability Visual inspection Custom-made Selected and random genes UAS-IR construct Phenotype strength np Additional information about secondary screens (MS1096-GAL4, ey-GAL4, GMR-GAL4 and pnr-GAL4)
GR00142-A-1 42549 CG18402 InR 991 0.8 none no Serratia marcescens infection (1) Genome-wide RNAi screen identifies genes involved in intestinal pathogenic bacterial infection. Cronin et al. 2009 19520911 Organism HSP70-GAL4; TubGAL80ts Heat shock and viability Fly count np Random genes UAS-IR construct Days life time (LT50) < -1.5 SD OR > 2 SD
GR00142-A-1 42549 CG18402 InR 991 1.41095890410958 none no Serratia marcescens infection (1) Genome-wide RNAi screen identifies genes involved in intestinal pathogenic bacterial infection. Cronin et al. 2009 19520911 Organism HSP70-GAL4; TubGAL80ts Heat shock and viability Fly count np Random genes UAS-IR construct Days life time (LT50) < -1.5 SD OR > 2 SD
GR00144-A-4 42549 CG18402 991 10 Bristle morphology defects no partially lethal Notch pathway regulation (4) Genome-wide analysis of Notch signalling in Drosophila by transgenic RNAi. Mummery-Widmer et al. 2009 19363474 Tissue pnr-GAL4 External sensory organ morphology and viability Visual inspection np Genome-wide UAS-IR construct Phenotype strength np
GR00144-A-4 42549 CG18402 992 8 Bristle morphology defects no not lethal Notch pathway regulation (4) Genome-wide analysis of Notch signalling in Drosophila by transgenic RNAi. Mummery-Widmer et al. 2009 19363474 Tissue pnr-GAL4 External sensory organ morphology and viability Visual inspection np Genome-wide UAS-IR construct Phenotype strength np
GR00144-A-4 42549 CG18402 4807 10 Bristle morphology defects no partially lethal Notch pathway regulation (4) Genome-wide analysis of Notch signalling in Drosophila by transgenic RNAi. Mummery-Widmer et al. 2009 19363474 Tissue pnr-GAL4 External sensory organ morphology and viability Visual inspection np Genome-wide UAS-IR construct Phenotype strength np
GR00169-A 42549 FBgn0013984 InR DRSC16717 -6.8 Decreased dAkt phosphorylation after insulin stimulation 10 min insulin stimulation yes Akt-TOR pathway negative feedback regulation Dynamic switch of negative feedback regulation in Drosophila Akt-TOR signaling. Kockel et al. 2010 20585550 Cell line Kc167 dAkt phosphorylation Fluorescence Custom-made Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score < -2.5 OR > 2.5
GR00190-A-1 42549 FBgn0013984 InR 991 -0.57 Decreased triglyceride expression no Adiposity regulation (1) Drosophila genome-wide obesity screen reveals hedgehog as a determinant of brown versus white adipose cell fate. Pospisilik et al. 2010 20074523 Organism Hsp70-GAL4;Tub-GAL80ts Total fly triglyceride expression Colorimetrics np Genome-wide UAS-IR construct Triglyceride change Z-score > 1.65 after 3 screening rounds Additional information about the primary screen
GR00190-A-2 42549 FBgn0013984 InR 992 -0.05 none no Adiposity regulation (2) Drosophila genome-wide obesity screen reveals hedgehog as a determinant of brown versus white adipose cell fate. Pospisilik et al. 2010 20074523 Tissue nsyb-GAL4 Total fly triglyceride expression Colorimetrics np Selected genes UAS-IR construct Triglyceride change > 0.25 OR <-0.25 (change >25%) Additional information about the primary screen
GR00190-A-3 42549 FBgn0013984 InR 992 -0.194 none no Adiposity regulation (3) Drosophila genome-wide obesity screen reveals hedgehog as a determinant of brown versus white adipose cell fate. Pospisilik et al. 2010 20074523 Tissue C57-GAL4 Total fly triglyceride expression Colorimetrics np Selected genes UAS-IR construct Triglyceride change > 0.25 OR <-0.25 (change >25%) Additional information about the primary screen
GR00190-A-4 42549 FBgn0013984 InR 992 0.188 none no Adiposity regulation (4) Drosophila genome-wide obesity screen reveals hedgehog as a determinant of brown versus white adipose cell fate. Pospisilik et al. 2010 20074523 Tissue oe-GAL4 Total fly triglyceride expression Colorimetrics np Selected genes UAS-IR construct Triglyceride change > 0.25 OR <-0.25 (change >25%) Additional information about the primary screen
GR00190-A-5 42549 FBgn0013984 InR 992 -0.653 Decreased triglyceride expression no Adiposity regulation (5) Drosophila genome-wide obesity screen reveals hedgehog as a determinant of brown versus white adipose cell fate. Pospisilik et al. 2010 20074523 Tissue ppl-GAL4 Total fly triglyceride expression Colorimetrics np Selected genes UAS-IR construct Triglyceride change > 0.25 OR <-0.25 (change >25%) Additional information about the primary screen
GR00191-A-1 42549 CG18402 InR np np none yes Blood cell homeostasis regulation (1) An in vivo RNA interference screen identifies gene networks controlling Drosophila melanogaster blood cell homeostasis. Avet-Rochex et al. 2010 20540764 Tissue srp-GAL4 Melanotic mass formation Microscopy np Selected genes UAS-IR construct np np
GR00191-A-2 42549 CG18402 InR np np none no Blood cell homeostasis regulation (2) An in vivo RNA interference screen identifies gene networks controlling Drosophila melanogaster blood cell homeostasis. Avet-Rochex et al. 2010 20540764 Tissue hml∆-GAL4 Melanotic mass formation Microscopy np Selected genes UAS-IR construct np np
GR00201-A-1 42549 FBgn0013984 InR CG18402 (UCSF), InR (Baum_Lab) np none yes Actin organization and cell morphology (1) Parallel RNAi screens across different cell lines identify generic and cell type-specific regulators of actin organization and cell morphology. Liu et al. 2009 19265526 Cell line S2 alpha-Tubulin and F-actin protein expression Fluorescence Custom-made Kinases dsRNA Visual inspection np
GR00201-A-2 42549 FBgn0013984 InR CG18402 (UCSF), InR (Baum_Lab) np none yes Actin organization and cell morphology (2) Parallel RNAi screens across different cell lines identify generic and cell type-specific regulators of actin organization and cell morphology. Liu et al. 2009 19265526 Cell line S2R+ alpha-Tubulin and F-actin protein expression Fluorescence Custom-made Kinases dsRNA Visual inspection np
GR00201-A-3 42549 FBgn0013984 InR CG18402 (UCSF), InR (Baum_Lab) np none yes Actin organization and cell morphology (3) Parallel RNAi screens across different cell lines identify generic and cell type-specific regulators of actin organization and cell morphology. Liu et al. 2009 19265526 Cell line Kc167 alpha-Tubulin and F-actin protein expression Fluorescence Custom-made Kinases dsRNA Visual inspection np
GR00201-A-4 42549 FBgn0013984 InR CG18402 (UCSF), InR (Baum_Lab) np none yes Actin organization and cell morphology (4) Parallel RNAi screens across different cell lines identify generic and cell type-specific regulators of actin organization and cell morphology. Liu et al. 2009 19265526 Cell line BG2-c2 alpha-Tubulin and F-actin protein expression Fluorescence Custom-made Kinases dsRNA Visual inspection np
GR00201-A-5 42549 FBgn0013984 InR CG18402 (UCSF), InR (Baum_Lab) np none yes Actin organization and cell morphology (5) Parallel RNAi screens across different cell lines identify generic and cell type-specific regulators of actin organization and cell morphology. Liu et al. 2009 19265526 Cell line BG3-c1 alpha-Tubulin and F-actin protein expression Fluorescence Custom-made Kinases dsRNA Visual inspection np
GR00201-A-6 42549 FBgn0013984 InR CG18402 (UCSF), InR (Baum_Lab) np none no Actin organization and cell morphology (6) Parallel RNAi screens across different cell lines identify generic and cell type-specific regulators of actin organization and cell morphology. Liu et al. 2009 19265526 Cell line BG3-c2 alpha-Tubulin and F-actin protein expression Fluorescence Custom-made Kinases dsRNA Visual inspection np
GR00202-A 42549 FBgn0013984 InR np sp none no Vaccinia virus infection A kinome RNAi screen identified AMPK as promoting poxvirus entry through the control of actin dynamics. Moser et al. 2010 20585561 Cell line DL1 Virally encoded beta-galactosidase protein expression Fluorescence Custom-made Kinases, phosphatases and selected genes dsRNA Z-score < -2 in both duplicates Author-reviewed data
GR00214-A-1 42549 FBgn0013984 InR DRSC16717 -0.57 none 0 minutes EGF stimulation yes RTK-Ras-ERK pathway regulation (1) Proteomic and functional genomic landscape of receptor tyrosine kinase and ras to extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. Friedman et al. 2011 22028469 Cell line S2R+ ERK phosphorylation Fluorescence np Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score > 1.5 OR < -1.5
GR00214-A-1 42549 FBgn0013984 InR DRSC16717 -0.03 none 10 minutes EGF stimulation yes RTK-Ras-ERK pathway regulation (1) Proteomic and functional genomic landscape of receptor tyrosine kinase and ras to extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. Friedman et al. 2011 22028469 Cell line S2R+ ERK phosphorylation Fluorescence np Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score > 1.5 OR < -1.5
GR00214-A-2 42549 FBgn0013984 InR DRSC16717 -0.18 none 10 minutes sSpitz stimulation no RTK-Ras-ERK pathway regulation (2) Proteomic and functional genomic landscape of receptor tyrosine kinase and ras to extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. Friedman et al. 2011 22028469 Cell line Kc167 ERK phosphorylation Fluorescence np Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score > 1.5 OR < -1.5
GR00214-A-2 42549 FBgn0013984 InR DRSC16717 -0.34 none 30 minutes sSpitz stimulation no RTK-Ras-ERK pathway regulation (2) Proteomic and functional genomic landscape of receptor tyrosine kinase and ras to extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. Friedman et al. 2011 22028469 Cell line Kc167 ERK phosphorylation Fluorescence np Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score > 1.5 OR < -1.5
GR00218-S 42549 CG18402 InR AMB18772 -0.55 none no Hippo pathway regulation Salt-inducible kinases regulate growth through the Hippo signalling pathway in Drosophila Wehr et al. 2013 23263283 Cell line S2R+ Hippo pathway reporter Luminescence np Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score > 3 OR < -3 Author-submitted data. Primary screen
GR00239-A-1 42549 CG18402 18402R np Lethal no Glycosylation regulation (1) Identification of genes required for neural-specific glycosylation using functional genomics. Yamamoto-Hino et al. 2010 21203496 Tissue GMR-GAL4 Chaoptin (Chp) protein expression, alpha1,3-fucose, alpha1,6-fucose, (GlcNAc)n, GlcNAcb1-4GlcNAc and mannose Chp glycosylation and viability Luminescence np Selected genes UAS-IR construct Z-score > 3
GR00282-A 42549 CG18402 InR 991 np none piRNA pathway regulation The Genetic Makeup of the Drosophila piRNA Pathway Handler 2013 23665231 Tissue tj-GAL4 Gypsy transposon expression Microscopy VDRC Selected genes UAS-IR construct Visual inspection np See comment for ovarian morphology data. Gene expression data shown in the comment derive from an ovarian stem cell line. VDRC library: KK and GD used, see phenotype data
GR00282-A 42549 CG18402 InR 992 np none piRNA pathway regulation The Genetic Makeup of the Drosophila piRNA Pathway Handler 2013 23665231 Tissue tj-GAL4 Gypsy transposon expression Microscopy VDRC Selected genes UAS-IR construct Visual inspection np See comment for ovarian morphology data. Gene expression data shown in the comment derive from an ovarian stem cell line. VDRC library: KK and GD used, see phenotype data
GR00284-A 42549 CG18402 InR 992 -0.10909509475362307 none piRNA pathway regulation A Transcriptome-wide RNAi Screen in the Drosophila Ovary Reveals Factors of the Germline piRNA Pathway Czech et al. 2013 23665227 Tissue nos-GAL4 Transposon expression qPCR VDRC Selected genes UAS-IR construct Z-score Weak < -1.5; strong: < -2 KK and GD libraries used (see phenotype data)
GR00311-A 42549 FBgn0013984 InR DRSC16717 np none Actin and microtubule morphology Comparative RNAi screening identifies a conserved core metazoan actinome by phenotype Rohn et al. 2011 21893601 Cell line S2R+ Alpha-tubulin and F-actin protein expression Fluorescence DRSC Genome-wide dsRNA Visual inspection np Exact phenotypes are shown in the comment section. Several genes were indicated as hits but no phenotype was provided. The screen data plus images is available at http://jcb-dataviewer.rupress.org/jcb/browse/4609/S2.
GR00335-A 42549 FBgn0013984 InR JF01482 np none Germline stem cell (GSC) regulation A Regulatory Network of Drosophila Germline Stem Cell Self-Renewal Yan et al. 2014 24576427 Tissue MTD-GAL4 or UAS-dcr2; nanos-GAL4 Spectrin and vasa protein expression Fluorescence TRiP Selected genes UAS-IR construct Visual inspection np More detailed phenotypes for some genes are shown in the comment. Various VALIUM vectors were used.
GR00335-A 42549 FBgn0013984 InR GL00139 np Agametic Germline stem cell (GSC) regulation A Regulatory Network of Drosophila Germline Stem Cell Self-Renewal Yan et al. 2014 24576427 Tissue MTD-GAL4 or UAS-dcr2; nanos-GAL4 Spectrin and vasa protein expression Fluorescence TRiP Selected genes UAS-IR construct Visual inspection np More detailed phenotypes for some genes are shown in the comment. Various VALIUM vectors were used.
GR00335-A 42549 FBgn0013984 InR JF01183 np none Germline stem cell (GSC) regulation A Regulatory Network of Drosophila Germline Stem Cell Self-Renewal Yan et al. 2014 24576427 Tissue MTD-GAL4 or UAS-dcr2; nanos-GAL4 Spectrin and vasa protein expression Fluorescence TRiP Selected genes UAS-IR construct Visual inspection np More detailed phenotypes for some genes are shown in the comment. Various VALIUM vectors were used.
42549 FBgn0013984 np np sp none
GR00367-S 42549 CG18402 991 np none VDRC Drosophila airway maturation Transient junction anisotropies orient annular cell polarization in the Drosophila airway tubes Hosono et al. 2015 26551273 Tissue btl-GAL4 Liquid clearance defect and viability Visual inspection VDRC, Trip, NIG Genome-wide UAS-IR construct Frequency >30%
GR00370-A 42549 FBgn0013984 InR -0.44 none Regulation of Nrf2 homolog CncC Cdk12 Is A Gene-Selective RNA Polymerase II Kinase That Regulates a Subset of the Transcriptome, Including Nrf2 Target Genes Li et al. 2016 26911346 Cell line S2 CncC reporter Luminescence HD2 Kinases dsRNA Z-Score <-1.65 OR >1.65
GR00370-A 42549 FBgn0013984 InR 1.01 none Regulation of Nrf2 homolog CncC Cdk12 Is A Gene-Selective RNA Polymerase II Kinase That Regulates a Subset of the Transcriptome, Including Nrf2 Target Genes Li et al. 2016 26911346 Cell line S2 CncC reporter Luminescence HD2 Kinases dsRNA Z-Score <-1.65 OR >1.65
GR00370-A 42549 FBgn0013984 InR 1.21 none Regulation of Nrf2 homolog CncC Cdk12 Is A Gene-Selective RNA Polymerase II Kinase That Regulates a Subset of the Transcriptome, Including Nrf2 Target Genes Li et al. 2016 26911346 Cell line S2 CncC reporter Luminescence HD2 Kinases dsRNA Z-Score <-1.65 OR >1.65
GR00379-A-1 42549 CG18402 992 -0.27613655984767954 none No phenotype in egg laying/hatching or larvae in egg laying or larvae Stem cell maintenance Regulation of Ribosome Biogenesis and Protein Synthesis Controls Germline Stem Cell Differentiation Sanchez et al. 2016 26669894 Organism nanos-GAL4 nos and yTub37c mRNA expression qPCR VDRC Selected genes UAS-IR construct Z-score Low: 1 - 2.5; Medium: 2.5 - 4; High: > Selected genes are: transcriptome-wide in female Drosophila. Additional phenotypes (egg laying/hatching) noted in the comment section. Subset libraries from VDRC (KK or GD) can be found in a column next to the comment field.
GR00388-A 42549 CG18402 GD992 Lethal Regulation of intestinal stem cells (ISC) Genome-wide RNAi Screen Identifies Networks Involved in Intestinal Stem Cell Regulation in Drosophila Zeng et al. 2015 25704823 Tissue act5C-GAL4 Viability Visual inspection VDRC and BDSC Genome-wide UAS-IR construct np np Lethal transgenic lines identified from the primary screen were crossed with temperature-sensitive esg-GAL4 flies. Phenotypes of ISCs from the dissected midguts are shown in the "Comment" section.
GR00388-A 42549 CG18402 GD992 none Regulation of intestinal stem cells (ISC) Genome-wide RNAi Screen Identifies Networks Involved in Intestinal Stem Cell Regulation in Drosophila Zeng et al. 2015 25704823 Tissue act5C-GAL4 Viability Visual inspection VDRC and BDSC Genome-wide UAS-IR construct np np Lethal transgenic lines identified from the primary screen were crossed with temperature-sensitive esg-GAL4 flies. Phenotypes of ISCs from the dissected midguts are shown in the "Comment" section.
GR00388-A 42549 CG18402 GD992 Lethal Regulation of intestinal stem cells (ISC) Genome-wide RNAi Screen Identifies Networks Involved in Intestinal Stem Cell Regulation in Drosophila Zeng et al. 2015 25704823 Tissue act5C-GAL4 Viability Visual inspection VDRC and BDSC Genome-wide UAS-IR construct np np Lethal transgenic lines identified from the primary screen were crossed with temperature-sensitive esg-GAL4 flies. Phenotypes of ISCs from the dissected midguts are shown in the "Comment" section.
GR00388-A 42549 CG18402 GD4807 none Regulation of intestinal stem cells (ISC) Genome-wide RNAi Screen Identifies Networks Involved in Intestinal Stem Cell Regulation in Drosophila Zeng et al. 2015 25704823 Tissue act5C-GAL4 Viability Visual inspection VDRC and BDSC Genome-wide UAS-IR construct np np Lethal transgenic lines identified from the primary screen were crossed with temperature-sensitive esg-GAL4 flies. Phenotypes of ISCs from the dissected midguts are shown in the "Comment" section.