RNAi

Gene Info

  • Species:Fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
  • GeneID:36382
  • Symbol:Sin3A
  • Description:Sin3A
DataSource: http://genomernai.dkfz.de/v16/genedetails/36382

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Stable_ID Entrez_ID Gene_ID Gene_Symbol Reagent_ID Score Phenotype Conditions Follow_Up Comment Screen_Title Publication_Title Authors Publication_Year Pubmed_ID Biosource Biomodel Assay Method Library Scope Reagent_Type Score_Type Cutoff Notes
GR00002-A 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A DRSC07552 0.169276759 none no Lipid storage COPI complex is a regulator of lipid homeostasis. Beller et al. 2008 19067489 Cell line Kc167 Nuclear to lipid droplet cross-sectional area Fluorescence np Genome-wide dsRNA B-score > 2 OR < -1.7 Additional information about a secondary screen with non-overlaping dsRNAs
GR00002-A 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A DRSC07552 0.527839962 none no Lipid storage COPI complex is a regulator of lipid homeostasis. Beller et al. 2008 19067489 Cell line Kc167 Nuclear to lipid droplet cross-sectional area Fluorescence np Genome-wide dsRNA B-score > 2 OR < -1.7 Additional information about a secondary screen with non-overlaping dsRNAs
GR00007-A-0 36382 FBgn0022764 DRSC07552 np Decreased GFP no Neural outgrowth Identification of neural outgrowth genes using genome-wide RNAi. Sepp et al. 2008 18604272 Cell line Primary neural cells Morphology High content (microscopy) DRSC dsRNA Visual inspection np
GR00021-A-0 36382 FBgn0022764 DRSC07552 strong ERK activation increased no ERK signaling A functional RNAi screen for regulators of receptor tyrosine kinase and ERK signalling. Friedman et al. 2006 17086199 Cell line S2R+ ERK signaling Fluorescence DRSC dsRNA Weak, moderate, strong np
GR00031-A-1 36382 HFA07552 1.1 none yes Cell growth and viability (1) Genome-wide RNAi analysis of growth and viability in Drosophila cells. Boutros et al. 2004 14764878 Cell line Kc167 Cell number and viability Luminescence Custom-made (HFA) Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score >
GR00031-A-2 36382 HFA07552 1.5 none no Cell growth and viability (2) Genome-wide RNAi analysis of growth and viability in Drosophila cells. Boutros et al. 2004 14764878 Cell line S2R+ Cell number and viability Luminescence Custom-made (HFA) Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score >
GR00047-A-1 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A DRSC07552 sp Decreased horseradish peroxidase protein expression no Constitutive protein secretion and Golgi organization (1) Functional genomics reveals genes involved in protein secretion and Golgi organization. Bard et al. 2006 16452979 Cell line S2 Horseradish peroxidase protein expression Luminescence Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score < -1.5
36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A SD07795 sp none no library: DGC1
36382 CG8815 Sin3A np np Heart patterning defects, heart maturation defects no
GR00065-A 36382 CG8815 Sin3A Sin3A np Increased 1st branch extension, decreased lateral branching yes Dendrite pattern formation Genome-wide analyses identify transcription factors required for proper morphogenesis of Drosophila sensory neuron dendrites. Parrish et al. 2006 16547170 Tissue GAL4221 mCD8 protein expression Fluorescence Custom-made Transcription factors UAS-IR construct np Phenotypes in multiple blind tests Additional information about secondary screens
GR00092-A 36382 FBgn0022764 CG8815 RDM1190-7302560 np none no Microtubule assembly and organization Regulation of microtubule assembly and organization in mitosis by the AAA+ ATPase Pontin. Ducat et al. 2008 18463163 Cell line S2 DNA content, alpha-tubulin and CP309 protein expression Fluorescence OpenBiosystems Drosophila RNAi Library 1.0 Mitotic regulator genes dsRNA Complex, sp Complex criteria
GR00128-A-1 36382 FBgn0022764 CG8815 DRSC07552 sp Synthetic lethal with methyl methanesulphonate no Combinatorial effect with methyl methanesulphonate (1) A network of conserved damage survival pathways revealed by a genomic RNAi screen. Ravi et al. 2009 19543366 Cell line Kc167 Viability (synthetic lethal) Luminescence Version 1 Genome-wide dsRNA rp rp Additional information about the primary screen
GR00128-A-2 36382 FBgn0022764 CG8815 DRSC37642 sp none no Combinatorial effect with methyl methanesulphonate (2) A network of conserved damage survival pathways revealed by a genomic RNAi screen. Ravi et al. 2009 19543366 Cell line Kc167 Viability (synthetic lethal) Luminescence Version 1 Selected genes dsRNA rp rp
GR00131-A-1 36382 Sin3A DRSC07552 25 - 50 Altered mitochondrial Ca2+ and/or H+ levels no Mitochondrial Ca2+/H+ antiporter regulation (1) Genome-wide RNAi screen identifies Letm1 as a mitochondrial Ca2+/H+ antiporter. Jiang et al. 2009 19797662 Cell line S2 mt-pericam protein expression (reporter of mitochondrial Ca2+ and H+ levels) Fluorescence np Genome-wide dsRNA Percentage inhibition Class I: > 75; class II: 50-75; class III: 25–50
GR00134-A-1 36382 CG8815 Sin3A 10808 np Lethal yes adult/pharate Muscle morphogenesis and function (1) Systematic genetic analysis of muscle morphogenesis and function in Drosophila. Schnorrer et al. 2010 20220848 Tissue Mef2-GAL4 Posture, locomotion, flight and viability Visual inspection np Genome-wide UAS-IR construct rp S19 > 0.5
GR00134-A-2 36382 CG8815 Sin3A np np Wing posture / locomotion / ability to fly defect or lethal / semi-lethal no Muscle morphogenesis and function (2) Systematic genetic analysis of muscle morphogenesis and function in Drosophila. Schnorrer et al. 2010 20220848 Tissue Mef2-GAL4 Posture, locomotion, flight and viability Visual inspection Custom-made Selected genes UAS-IR construct rp S19 > 0.5
GR00138-A-1 36382 CG8815 10808 1 none yes Heart development and function (1) A global in vivo Drosophila RNAi screen identifies NOT3 as a conserved regulator of heart function. Neely et al. 2010 20371351 Tissue TinCΔ4 12a-Gal4 Viability Fly count np Selected genes UAS-IR construct Developmental lethality <
GR00138-A-2 36382 CG8815 10808 2.53 none no Heart development and function (2) A global in vivo Drosophila RNAi screen identifies NOT3 as a conserved regulator of heart function. Neely et al. 2010 20371351 Tissue TinCΔ4 12a-Gal4 Viability Fly count np Selected genes UAS-IR construct Z-score > 3
GR00139-A 36382 Sin3A 10808 sp Lethal no Fly viability and adult morphology A genome-wide transgenic RNAi library for conditional gene inactivation in Drosophila. Dietzl et al. 2007 17625558 Organism Act5C-GAL4 Adult morphology and viability Visual inspection Custom-made Selected and random genes UAS-IR construct Phenotype strength np Additional information about secondary screens (MS1096-GAL4, ey-GAL4, GMR-GAL4 and pnr-GAL4)
GR00142-A-1 36382 CG8815 Sin3A 10808 -1.17647058823529 none no Serratia marcescens infection (1) Genome-wide RNAi screen identifies genes involved in intestinal pathogenic bacterial infection. Cronin et al. 2009 19520911 Organism HSP70-GAL4; TubGAL80ts Heat shock and viability Fly count np Random genes UAS-IR construct Days life time (LT50) < -1.5 SD OR > 2 SD
GR00144-A-4 36382 CG8815 10808 sp Bristle morphology defects, notum malformation death no partially lethal Notch pathway regulation (4) Genome-wide analysis of Notch signalling in Drosophila by transgenic RNAi. Mummery-Widmer et al. 2009 19363474 Tissue pnr-GAL4 External sensory organ morphology and viability Visual inspection np Genome-wide UAS-IR construct Phenotype strength np
GR00148-A 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A np -3.42 Decreased P-JNK protein expression with PGN 15 min PGN induction no PGN-induced dJNK phosphorylation A quantitative RNAi screen for JNK modifiers identifies Pvr as a novel regulator of Drosophila immune signaling. Bond and Foley 2009 19893628 Cell line S2 P-JNK protein expression Fluorescence Custom-made Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score Complex criteria Only hits stored in GenomeRNAi
GR00152-A 36382 CG8815 Sin3A np -1.9489 none yes without Notch stimulation Notch induced transcription Modifiers of notch transcriptional activity identified by genome-wide RNAi. Mourikis et al. 2010 20959007 Cell line Kc167 Notch pathway reporter Luminescence np Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score < -2 OR > 2 (con-luc) OR < -1.8 OR > 1.8 (m3-luc) Additional information about secondary screens
GR00152-A 36382 CG8815 Sin3A np 4.1462 Upregulation of Notch pathway after Notch stimulation yes N(delta)ecn Notch stimulation; m3-luc normalization Notch induced transcription Modifiers of notch transcriptional activity identified by genome-wide RNAi. Mourikis et al. 2010 20959007 Cell line Kc167 Notch pathway reporter Luminescence np Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score < -2 OR > 2 (con-luc) OR < -1.8 OR > 1.8 (m3-luc) Additional information about secondary screens
GR00152-A 36382 CG8815 Sin3A np 1.9354 none yes N(delta)ecn Notch stimulation; con-luc normalization Notch induced transcription Modifiers of notch transcriptional activity identified by genome-wide RNAi. Mourikis et al. 2010 20959007 Cell line Kc167 Notch pathway reporter Luminescence np Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score < -2 OR > 2 (con-luc) OR < -1.8 OR > 1.8 (m3-luc) Additional information about secondary screens
GR00189-A-1 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A BKN20796 np Downregulation of Notch pathway yes Notch pathway regulation (1) A combined ex vivo and in vivo RNAi screen for notch regulators in Drosophila reveals an extensive notch interaction network. Saj et al. 2010 20493818 Cell line S2 Notch pathway reporter Luminescence BKN Genome-wide dsRNA Complex, sp Complex criteria
GR00189-A-2 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A 10808 sp Downregulation of Notch pathway; adult wing margin: notches yes C96-GAL4; final gene scoring: up- and downregulation of Notch pathway Notch pathway regulation (2) A combined ex vivo and in vivo RNAi screen for notch regulators in Drosophila reveals an extensive notch interaction network. Saj et al. 2010 20493818 Tissue en-GAL4, C96-GAL4 and vg-GAL4 Notch pathway reporter, wing imaginal discs morphology, adult wing morphology and viability Fluorescence and visual inspection Notch pathway component enriched RNAi library Selected genes UAS-IR construct Phenotype strength np
GR00189-A-2 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A 10808 strong Lethal yes en-GAL4; final gene scoring: up- and downregulation of Notch pathway Notch pathway regulation (2) A combined ex vivo and in vivo RNAi screen for notch regulators in Drosophila reveals an extensive notch interaction network. Saj et al. 2010 20493818 Tissue en-GAL4, C96-GAL4 and vg-GAL4 Notch pathway reporter, wing imaginal discs morphology, adult wing morphology and viability Fluorescence and visual inspection Notch pathway component enriched RNAi library Selected genes UAS-IR construct Phenotype strength np
GR00189-A-2 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A 10808 sp Up- and downregulation of Notch pathway; wing disc NRE:EGFP: up, gap; wing disc myrRFP: reduced; lethal yes en-GAL4 Notch pathway regulation (2) A combined ex vivo and in vivo RNAi screen for notch regulators in Drosophila reveals an extensive notch interaction network. Saj et al. 2010 20493818 Tissue en-GAL4, C96-GAL4 and vg-GAL4 Notch pathway reporter, wing imaginal discs morphology, adult wing morphology and viability Fluorescence and visual inspection Notch pathway component enriched RNAi library Selected genes UAS-IR construct Phenotype strength np
GR00189-A-3 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A np np none no Notch pathway regulation (3) A combined ex vivo and in vivo RNAi screen for notch regulators in Drosophila reveals an extensive notch interaction network. Saj et al. 2010 20493818 Tissue GMR-GAL4 Notch pathway reporter Fluorescence Notch pathway component enriched RNAi library Selected genes UAS-IR construct Average fluorescent intensity Complex criteria
GR00190-A-1 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A 10808 0.169 none no Adiposity regulation (1) Drosophila genome-wide obesity screen reveals hedgehog as a determinant of brown versus white adipose cell fate. Pospisilik et al. 2010 20074523 Organism Hsp70-GAL4;Tub-GAL80ts Total fly triglyceride expression Colorimetrics np Genome-wide UAS-IR construct Triglyceride change Z-score > 1.65 after 3 screening rounds Additional information about the primary screen
GR00214-A-1 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A DRSC07552 -1.85 Decreased ERK phosphorylation after EGF stimulation 0 minutes EGF stimulation yes RTK-Ras-ERK pathway regulation (1) Proteomic and functional genomic landscape of receptor tyrosine kinase and ras to extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. Friedman et al. 2011 22028469 Cell line S2R+ ERK phosphorylation Fluorescence np Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score > 1.5 OR < -1.5
GR00214-A-1 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A DRSC07552 0.78 none 10 minutes EGF stimulation yes RTK-Ras-ERK pathway regulation (1) Proteomic and functional genomic landscape of receptor tyrosine kinase and ras to extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. Friedman et al. 2011 22028469 Cell line S2R+ ERK phosphorylation Fluorescence np Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score > 1.5 OR < -1.5
GR00214-A-2 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A DRSC07552 0.76 none 10 minutes sSpitz stimulation no RTK-Ras-ERK pathway regulation (2) Proteomic and functional genomic landscape of receptor tyrosine kinase and ras to extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. Friedman et al. 2011 22028469 Cell line Kc167 ERK phosphorylation Fluorescence np Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score > 1.5 OR < -1.5
GR00214-A-2 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A DRSC07552 1.83 Increased ERK phosphorylation after sSpitz and EGF stimulation 30 minutes sSpitz stimulation no RTK-Ras-ERK pathway regulation (2) Proteomic and functional genomic landscape of receptor tyrosine kinase and ras to extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. Friedman et al. 2011 22028469 Cell line Kc167 ERK phosphorylation Fluorescence np Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score > 1.5 OR < -1.5
GR00218-S 36382 CG8815 Sin3A AMB26701 -2.96 none no Hippo pathway regulation Salt-inducible kinases regulate growth through the Hippo signalling pathway in Drosophila Wehr et al. 2013 23263283 Cell line S2R+ Hippo pathway reporter Luminescence np Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score > 3 OR < -3 Author-submitted data. Primary screen
GR00220-A 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A BKN20796 -5.66 Decreased Srp/Lz-induced transcription yes Srp/Lz-induced transcriptional activation A genome-wide RNA interference screen identifies a differential role of the mediator CDK8 module subunits for GATA/ RUNX-activated transcription in Drosophila. Gobert et al. 2010 20368357 Cell line Kc167 Srp/Lz-induced transcription reporter (PO45) Luminescence BKN Genome-wide dsRNA Z-score > 4 OR < -4
GR00239-A-1 36382 CG8815 8815R sp none no Glycosylation regulation (1) Identification of genes required for neural-specific glycosylation using functional genomics. Yamamoto-Hino et al. 2010 21203496 Tissue GMR-GAL4 Chaoptin (Chp) protein expression, alpha1,3-fucose, alpha1,6-fucose, (GlcNAc)n, GlcNAcb1-4GlcNAc and mannose Chp glycosylation and viability Luminescence np Selected genes UAS-IR construct Z-score > 3
GR00245-A 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A DRSC07552 np Increased formation of mutant Huntingtin (Httex1-Qn) protein aggregates yes validated Huntingtin (Htt) aggregates formation A genomewide RNA interference screen for modifiers of aggregates formation by mutant Huntingtin in Drosophila. Zhang et al. 2010 20100940 Cell line S2 Mutant Httex1-Qn-eGFP protein expression and DNA content Fluorescence Version 1 and np Genome-wide dsRNA Aggregate number, size, and signal intensity > 2 standard deviations Additional information about secondary screens (reproducibility and non-overlaping dsRNAs)
GR00273-A-1 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A DRSC37642 1 Effect on Polycomb (Pc) foci Polycomb group (PcG) proteins regulation (1) Identification of Regulators of the Three-Dimensional Polycomb Organization by a Microscopy-Based Genome-wide RNAi Screen Gonzalez et al. 2014 24703951 Cell line S2 Pc-GFP protein localization Fluorescence DRSC Genome-wide and transcription factors dsRNA Visual inspection 1 Additional phenotypic clustering screen available.
GR00273-A-1 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A DRSC07552 3 Effect on Polycomb (Pc) foci Polycomb group (PcG) proteins regulation (1) Identification of Regulators of the Three-Dimensional Polycomb Organization by a Microscopy-Based Genome-wide RNAi Screen Gonzalez et al. 2014 24703951 Cell line S2 Pc-GFP protein localization Fluorescence DRSC Genome-wide and transcription factors dsRNA Visual inspection 1 Additional phenotypic clustering screen available.
GR00273-A-2 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A DRSC37642 np Decreased Polycomb (Pc) foci intensity Polycomb group (PcG) proteins regulation (2) Identification of Regulators of the Three-Dimensional Polycomb Organization by a Microscopy-Based Genome-wide RNAi Screen Gonzalez et al. 2014 24703951 Cell line S2 Polycomb-GFP protein localization Fluorescence DRSC Selected genes dsRNA Visual inspection np
GR00282-A 36382 CG8815 Sin3A 105852 np none piRNA pathway regulation The Genetic Makeup of the Drosophila piRNA Pathway Handler 2013 23665231 Tissue tj-GAL4 Gypsy transposon expression Microscopy VDRC Selected genes UAS-IR construct Visual inspection np See comment for ovarian morphology data. Gene expression data shown in the comment derive from an ovarian stem cell line. VDRC library: KK and GD used, see phenotype data
GR00282-A 36382 CG8815 Sin3A 10808 np none piRNA pathway regulation The Genetic Makeup of the Drosophila piRNA Pathway Handler 2013 23665231 Tissue tj-GAL4 Gypsy transposon expression Microscopy VDRC Selected genes UAS-IR construct Visual inspection np See comment for ovarian morphology data. Gene expression data shown in the comment derive from an ovarian stem cell line. VDRC library: KK and GD used, see phenotype data
GR00284-A 36382 CG8815 Sin3A 105852 0.22692489338624583 none piRNA pathway regulation A Transcriptome-wide RNAi Screen in the Drosophila Ovary Reveals Factors of the Germline piRNA Pathway Czech et al. 2013 23665227 Tissue nos-GAL4 Transposon expression qPCR VDRC Selected genes UAS-IR construct Z-score Weak < -1.5; strong: < -2 KK and GD libraries used (see phenotype data)
GR00311-A 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A DRSC07552 np Actin defect, other cellular phenotype cell shape variable, decreased level of actin, decreased cell number, loss of cell monolayer Actin and microtubule morphology Comparative RNAi screening identifies a conserved core metazoan actinome by phenotype Rohn et al. 2011 21893601 Cell line S2R+ Alpha-tubulin and F-actin protein expression Fluorescence DRSC Genome-wide dsRNA Visual inspection np Exact phenotypes are shown in the comment section. Several genes were indicated as hits but no phenotype was provided. The screen data plus images is available at http://jcb-dataviewer.rupress.org/jcb/browse/4609/S2.
GR00315-A-1 36382 CG8815 Sin3A 105852 np Effect on follicular epithelium morphology further phenotype data in classification screen Follicular epithelium development (1) A genome-scale in vivo RNAi analysis of epithelial development in Drosophila identifies new proliferation domains outside of the stem cell niche Berns et al. 2014 24762813 Tissue Escargot-GAL4 and GR1-GAL4, GR1-GAL4, traffic jam-GAL4 Follicular epithelium morphology Fluorescence VDRC KK Random genes UAS-IR construct Visual inspection np Further classification screen available, see follicular epithelium development (2).
GR00315-A-2 36382 CG8815 Sin3A 105852 np Defect in formation and maturation phase Follicular epithelium development (2) A genome-scale in vivo RNAi analysis of epithelial development in Drosophila identifies new proliferation domains outside of the stem cell niche Berns et al. 2014 24762813 Tissue traffic jam-GAL4 Follicular epithelium morphology Fluorescence VDRC KK Selected genes UAS-IR construct Visual inspection np For more detailed phenotypes sp. Cell morphology was analized by aPKC and DLG protein expression. Additional validation screens available.
GR00335-A 36382 FBgn0022764 Sin3A HMS00359 np Embryonic lethal most embryonic lethal Germline stem cell (GSC) regulation A Regulatory Network of Drosophila Germline Stem Cell Self-Renewal Yan et al. 2014 24576427 Tissue MTD-GAL4 or UAS-dcr2; nanos-GAL4 Spectrin and vasa protein expression Fluorescence TRiP Selected genes UAS-IR construct Visual inspection np More detailed phenotypes for some genes are shown in the comment. Various VALIUM vectors were used.
36382 np np HFA07552 -0.85 none fold change: 2.12
36382 FBgn0022764 np np sp none
GR00367-S 36382 CG8815 10808 np lethal or adult morphology phenotype VDRC Drosophila airway maturation Transient junction anisotropies orient annular cell polarization in the Drosophila airway tubes Hosono et al. 2015 26551273 Tissue btl-GAL4 Liquid clearance defect and viability Visual inspection VDRC, Trip, NIG Genome-wide UAS-IR construct Frequency >30%
GR00379-A-1 36382 CG8815 105852 -0.31135244502614956 none No phenotype in egg laying/hatching or larvae in egg laying or larvae Stem cell maintenance Regulation of Ribosome Biogenesis and Protein Synthesis Controls Germline Stem Cell Differentiation Sanchez et al. 2016 26669894 Organism nanos-GAL4 nos and yTub37c mRNA expression qPCR VDRC Selected genes UAS-IR construct Z-score Low: 1 - 2.5; Medium: 2.5 - 4; High: > Selected genes are: transcriptome-wide in female Drosophila. Additional phenotypes (egg laying/hatching) noted in the comment section. Subset libraries from VDRC (KK or GD) can be found in a column next to the comment field.
GR00385-A 36382 105852 0.06 Low performer in olfactory memory formation Final hit Regulation of olfactory memory formation Identification of genes that promote or inhibit olfactory memory formation in Drosophila. Walkinshaw et al. 2015 25644700 Organism Nsyb-GAL4 T-maze performance Visual inspection VDRC Selected genes UAS-IR construct Performance index, sp High performer in olfactory memory formation: > Genes were preselected for relevance to CNS development and function using bioinformatic criteria. Additionally, defects in wing formation are considered in the comments column. We could not confirm the exact number of primary hits; however, final hits are noted in the comments field.
GR00388-A 36382 CG8815 GD10808 Lethal Regulation of intestinal stem cells (ISC) Genome-wide RNAi Screen Identifies Networks Involved in Intestinal Stem Cell Regulation in Drosophila Zeng et al. 2015 25704823 Tissue act5C-GAL4 Viability Visual inspection VDRC and BDSC Genome-wide UAS-IR construct np np Lethal transgenic lines identified from the primary screen were crossed with temperature-sensitive esg-GAL4 flies. Phenotypes of ISCs from the dissected midguts are shown in the "Comment" section.
GR00388-A 36382 CG8815 BL32368 Lethal Regulation of intestinal stem cells (ISC) Genome-wide RNAi Screen Identifies Networks Involved in Intestinal Stem Cell Regulation in Drosophila Zeng et al. 2015 25704823 Tissue act5C-GAL4 Viability Visual inspection VDRC and BDSC Genome-wide UAS-IR construct np np Lethal transgenic lines identified from the primary screen were crossed with temperature-sensitive esg-GAL4 flies. Phenotypes of ISCs from the dissected midguts are shown in the "Comment" section.