| 568060 | B0BF33 | PKP2_DANRE | Plakophilin-2 | DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE | Morpholino knockdown results in a range of cardiac phenotype severity from mild to severely affected (PubMed:23124967). Defects include slight to severe cardiac edema, blood pooling on the yolk, abnormal ventricles, heartstring and failure of cardiac looping (PubMed:23124967). Heart rate is decreased at 48 hours post-fertilization (48 hpf) from 138 beats per minute (bpm) to 110 (bpm), this decrease persists at 72 hpf (PubMed:23124967). Non-cardiac effects include kinked tail and disruption to the borders of anterior neural structures (PubMed:23124967). At 16 hpf abnormal expression and/or localization of cardiac precursor markers such as nkx2.5, lefty2, bmp4, spaw, lefty1 and tdgf1/oep (PubMed:23124967). Incomplete looping of the heart with displaced ventricle along the midline, above an enlarged atrium (PubMed:23124967). Expression of cardiac valve developmental proteins notch1b and bmp4 are abnormally expanded into the ventricle at 48 hpf (PubMed:23124967). The number of desmosomes is decreased at cell borders in the heart but those that are present show diminished intracellular elements and an increase in the intercellular gap width at 72 hpf (PubMed:23124967). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23124967}. |